October 13, 2024

Python Tutorials

How to Convert Float to Int in Python

In Python, converting a floating-point number to an integer is a common operation. This conversion can be achieved using several methods, each with its specific behavior. Here’s a guide on how to perform this conversion.

1. Using the int() Function

The int() function is the most straightforward way to convert a float to an integer. This method truncates the decimal part and keeps only the integer part:

float_number = 12.345
int_number = int(float_number)
print(int_number)  # Output: 12

2. Using math.floor() and math.ceil() Functions

If you want to round the float to the nearest integer, you can use the math.floor() or math.ceil() functions from the math module:

import math

float_number = 12.345

# Round down to the nearest integer
int_floor = math.floor(float_number)
print(int_floor)  # Output: 12

# Round up to the nearest integer
int_ceil = math.ceil(float_number)
print(int_ceil)  # Output: 13

3. Using round() Function

The round() function rounds the float to the nearest integer. It can also round to a specified number of decimal places:

float_number = 12.345

# Round to the nearest integer
rounded_number = round(float_number)
print(rounded_number)  # Output: 12

# Round to a specified number of decimal places
rounded_number_two_decimal = round(float_number, 2)
print(rounded_number_two_decimal)  # Output: 12.35

4. Differences and Use Cases

  • int() Function: Truncates the decimal part, which is useful when you only need the integer part of the number.
  • math.floor() Function: Always rounds down, which is useful for ensuring the result is not greater than the original float.
  • math.ceil() Function: Always rounds up, which is useful for ensuring the result is not less than the original float.
  • round() Function: Rounds to the nearest integer, with the option to specify decimal places. It is useful when you want a rounded number rather than a truncated or ceiling/floor value.

5. Summary

Converting a float to an integer in Python can be done using various methods depending on your needs. The int() function truncates the float, while math.floor() and math.ceil() provide rounding options. The round() function allows for rounding to the nearest integer or to a specified number of decimal places. Choose the method that best suits your application’s requirements.

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